# fstream

***

**1. Basic file input**

```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  ifstream inputFile("input.txt");
  string line;
  while (getline(inputFile, line)) {
    cout << line << endl;
  }
  inputFile.close();
  return 0;
}
```

**2. Basic file output**

```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  ofstream outputFile("output.txt");
  outputFile << "Hello world!" << endl;
  outputFile.close();
  return 0;
}
```

**3. Appending to a file**

```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  ofstream outputFile("output.txt", ios::app);
  outputFile << "This is a new line." << endl;
  outputFile.close();
  return 0;
}
```

**4. Reading binary data**

```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  ifstream inputFile("binary.bin", ios::binary);
  char buffer[1024];
  inputFile.read(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
  inputFile.close();
  return 0;
}
```

**5. Writing binary data**

```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  ofstream outputFile("binary.bin", ios::binary);
  char buffer[1024];
  outputFile.write(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
  outputFile.close();
  return 0;
}
```

**6. Reading a line of text**

```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  ifstream inputFile("input.txt");
  string line;
  getline(inputFile, line);
  inputFile.close();
  return 0;
}
```

**7. Reading a word from a line**

```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  ifstream inputFile("input.txt");
  string line;
  while (getline(inputFile, line)) {
    istringstream iss(line);
    string word;
    while (iss >> word) {
      cout << word << endl;
    }
  }
  inputFile.close();
  return 0;
}
```

**8. Reading a character from a line**

```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  ifstream inputFile("input.txt");
  string line;
  while (getline(inputFile, line

```